Glassnode: $469B in Bitcoin Exposed to Quantum Computing Attack Risk — 30% of All Issued Supply

Blockchain analytics firm Glassnode has mapped a significant vulnerability embedded in Bitcoin's existing supply: 6.04 million BTC, worth approximately $469 billion, have public keys exposed on-chain, representing 30.2% of all issued supply. In theory, a sufficiently powerful quantum computer could exploit these exposed keys to derive private keys and drain the associated wallets.

Glassnode breaks the exposure into two buckets. Structural exposure accounts for 1.92 million BTC — coins locked in address formats that inherently reveal the public key, such as legacy P2PK outputs. Operational exposure accounts for the larger 4.12 million BTC, driven primarily by address reuse, a practice that leaves public keys visible after the first outgoing transaction.

Exchanges are flagged as a particular weak point: they hold 1.66 million BTC, equal to 8.3% of total supply and roughly 40% of all…