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Stellar Activates Protocol 28 as Throughput Tops 211 TPS

Protocol 28 separates Stellar’s performance milestone from its upgrade: the release improves Soroban migrations as stablecoins and tokenized assets expand on the network.

Stellar activated Protocol 28 after a scheduled mainnet upgrade vote on Sept. 16, with the network running the release by Sept. 17. Chainspect measured more than 211 transactions per second across 100 consecutive blocks, a record for Stellar, while the upgrade added tools for larger Soroban smart-contract deployments.

Why it matters

Protocol 28’s CAP-85 lets groups of Soroban contracts reference an externally managed executable. Updating the shared reference can move participating contracts to new code in one atomic operation, narrowing the window in which applications run mixed versions during security fixes or software migrations. Adoption is optional, so existing applications must opt into the architecture.

CAP-86 addresses data migrations as live contracts evolve. New sparse-map functions allow missing or additional fields, letting developers update stored information progressively instead of requiring every record to match a new schema immediately. CAP-83 also allows validators to progress through parts of consensus without waiting for complete transaction sets and discard late or invalid sets.

Market impact

The 211-TPS milestone should not be attributed directly to Protocol 28. Stellar is gradually enabling parallel transaction-set downloading, which is driving the performance change, while Protocol 28 provides infrastructure for heavier loads as that feature expands.

The timing matters because financial activity on Stellar is growing. DeFiLlama places stablecoin supply near $884 million, while DeFi total value locked reached roughly $319 million in August before easing to about $294 million. Token Terminal ranks Stellar third among blockchains by RWA market capitalization at about $3.3 billion, up $149.4 million over 30 days.

XLM gained about 4% over 24 hours to $0.1863 before retreating toward $0.18. The next test is adoption: Soroban teams, issuers and validators will determine whether the new capabilities become core infrastructure for Stellar’s expanding tokenized-finance activity.

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$XLM

Frequently asked questions

  1. What changed for Soroban contracts under Protocol 28?

    CAP-85 lets groups of Soroban contracts reference an externally managed executable. Updating that shared reference can move participating contracts to new code in one atomic operation.

  2. Does Protocol 28 directly explain Stellar’s 211-TPS record?

    No. Stellar is gradually enabling parallel transaction-set downloading, which is driving the performance change. Protocol 28 adds infrastructure intended to support heavier workloads.

  3. How does CAP-86 help Stellar applications?

    CAP-86 adds sparse-map functions that accommodate missing or additional fields. Developers can therefore migrate stored contract data progressively as application schemas change.

  4. How large is Stellar’s tokenized-asset market?

    Token Terminal ranks Stellar third among blockchains by RWA market capitalization at about $3.3 billion, up $149.4 million over 30 days.

  5. What will determine whether Protocol 28 has a wider market effect?

    Adoption is optional, so Soroban teams, issuers and validators must implement the new capabilities. Their uptake will determine whether Protocol 28 becomes core infrastructure for Stellar’s expanding financial activity.

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